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Available courses

LAND LAW

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY

📚 Course Overview: Topographic Survey

Course Title:

Topographic Surveying

Course Code:

SURV 210 / GEOS 221 

Credit Hours:

3 Units (2 hours lecture + 2 hours practical per week)

Course Description:

This course introduces students to the principles, methods, and applications of topographic surveying. It emphasizes the measurement and representation of the Earth's surface features, both natural and artificial, in two- and three-dimensional formats. Students will learn how to collect field data, plot topographic maps, and interpret contour lines, elevations, and terrain characteristics. The course combines theory with hands-on experience using conventional and modern surveying instruments such as levels, total stations, GPS, and digital mapping tools.

LEVELLING SURVEY

Course Title: Levelling Survey
Course Code: 102
Credit Hours: 2–3 
Prerequisites: Basic Surveying or Introduction to Surveying

Course Description:

This course provides foundational knowledge and practical skills in levelling, a core aspect of land surveying used to determine elevation differences between points on the Earth's surface. Students will learn various levelling methods, the operation and handling of levelling instruments (such as the dumpy level, automatic level, and digital level), and the processes involved in conducting fieldwork and producing accurate elevation data. Emphasis is placed on the application of levelling in engineering projects such as road design, drainage, and construction.

Through a combination of lectures, field exercises, and data processing sessions, students will develop competencies in recording, reducing, and interpreting levelling data, as well as identifying and minimizing common sources of error.

Course Objectives:

  • To understand the principles and importance of levelling in surveying and civil engineering.

  • To become proficient in the use of levelling instruments and tools.

  • To perform various types of levelling: differential, profile, cross-section, and reciprocal.

  • To compute reduced levels using the height of instrument and rise & fall methods.

  • To identify and correct for errors in levelling surveys.

  • To apply levelling data in real-world engineering contexts.

Course Content:

  1. Introduction to Levelling

    • Definitions and terms

    • Applications in civil engineering

  2. Levelling Instruments

    • Types (Dumpy, Auto, Digital levels)

    • Setup and calibration

  3. Levelling Techniques

    • Differential levelling

    • Profile and cross-section levelling

    • Reciprocal levelling

    • Fly levelling

  4. Field Procedures

    • Field notes and data recording

    • Balancing backsight and foresight

    • Temporary and permanent adjustments

  5. Data Reduction and Computation

    • Rise and fall method

    • Height of instrument method

    • Arithmetic checks

  6. Sources of Error and Accuracy

    • Instrumental, personal, and natural errors

CARTOGRAPHY

LAND LAW

Here's a sample Course Description for Land Law. You can tailor this to your specific institution or academic level (undergraduate/postgraduate):

Course Title: Land Law
Course Code: 
Level: Undergraduate
Credit Hours:2-3hrs
Prerequisites: Introduction to Law, Property Law (if applicable)

Course Description:

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and doctrines of Land Law. It explores the legal rules and institutions that govern the ownership, use, and transfer of land. Emphasis is placed on understanding estates and interests in land, the concept of legal and equitable rights, land registration systems, and proprietary rights affecting land use.

Students will examine key topics such as freehold and leasehold estates, co-ownership, easements, covenants, mortgages, adverse possession, and the role of trusts in land. The course also addresses modern developments in land law, particularly the impact of human rights, environmental considerations, and socio-economic justice in land tenure and use.

The course is grounded in case law and statute, with practical case studies and critical analysis to equip students with both theoretical understanding and practical legal skills.

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this course, students should be able to:

  1. Explain the fundamental principles of land ownership and the legal classification of interests in land.

  2. Analyze statutory and case law frameworks governing land rights.

  3. Apply legal reasoning to resolve disputes involving land law issues.

  4. Critically evaluate land law doctrines in light of modern policy and social concerns.

  5. Understand the impact of land registration and conveyancing processes.